Methamphetamine overview in Minnesota
Methamphetamine availability and abuse continue to be on the rise, and meth is supplanting cocaine as the main drug of abuse in many areas of the state of Minnesota. An average of 80% of the methamphetamine in Minnesota originates in the state of California and Mexico and is controlled by Mexican DTOs.
Among all felony sentences levied in the year of 1998, 47% were for cocaine, followed by 26% for amphetamine, which includes methamphetamine. According to Minnesota Sentencing Guideline Commission statistics, amphetamine/methamphetamine felony sentences went up nearly sevenfold between 1994 and 1998. Minnesota drug task force arrest statistics also attest to meth's tightening grip on Minnesota drug abusers. As recently as 1996, there were over 65% more arrests for cocaine than amphetamine. However, there were more arrests for amphetamine than for cocaine in 2 of the following 3 years.
Methamphetamine labs can be set up virtually anywhere. They have been discovered in settings ranging from farms, homes, and motels to abandoned cars. One was even discovered in an ice-fishing house. Most meth labs are small; the essential chemicals and equipment can be carried in a box. This makes them easily movable and difficult to detect. Using the Nazi method, meth lab operators can in a few hours set up a lab, produce meth, and disassemble the operation.
Legality
Australia
The medical use of methamphetamine is not authorized in Australia.
Canada
Methamphetamine is not recognized for medical use in Canada. Since 2005, it falls under Schedule I of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. The maximum penalty for the manufacture and distribution of meth is life imprisonment.
Hong Kong
Methamphetamine is controlled under Schedule 1 of Hong Kong's Chapter 134 Dangerous Drugs Ordinance. Meth can only be used legitimately by health professionals and for university research purposes. The drug can be given by pharmacists under a prescription. Anybody who supplies methamphetamine without prescription can be fined $10000(HKD). The penalty for trafficking or producing the drug is a $5,000,000 (HKD) fine and life imprisonment. Possession of meth for use without license from the Department of Health is illicit with a $1,000,000 (HKD) fine and/or 7 years of jail time.
The Netherlands
Methamphetamine is not authorized for medical use in The Netherlands. It falls under Schedule I of the Opium Act. Even though production and distribution of meth are prohibited, few individuals who were caught with a small amount for personal use have been prosecuted.
New Zealand
Methamphetamine is a Class A controlled substance under the New Zealand Misuse of Drugs Act 1975. The maximum penalty for manufacture and distribution of meth is life imprisonment. While in theory a physician could prescribe it for an appropriate indication, this would require case-by-case authorization by the director-general of public health. In New Zealand, methamphetamine is most usually referred to by the street term P (short for "pure methamphetamine").
South Africa
In South Africa, the drug is classified as a Schedule 5 drug, and is listed as Undesirable Dependence-Producing Substances in Part III of Schedule 2 of the Drugs and Drug Trafficking Act, 1992 (Act No 140 of 1992). Generally called Tik, meth is mostly abused by youths under the age of 20 in the Cape Flats regions.
United Kingdom
Since January 18 2007, this drug is classified as a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 following a recommendation made by the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs in June 2006. Meth was before classified as a Class B substance, except when prepared for injection.
United States
Methamphetamine is classified as a Schedule II drug by the Drug Enforcement Administration under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. It is obtainable by prescription under the trade name Desoxyn, produced by Ovation Pharma. While there is technically no disparity between the laws regarding methamphetamine and other controlled stimulants, the majority of medical professionals are averse to prescribing it due to its notoriety.
Illegal methamphetamine has become an important focus of the 'war on drugs' in the United States in recent years. Additionally to federal laws, certain states have placed additional restrictions on the sale of precursor chemicals commonly used to synthesize methamphetamine, particularly pseudoephedrine, a common over-the-counter decongestant. In 2005, the DEA confiscated 2,148.6kg of methamphetamine. In 2005, the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005 was passed as part of the USA PATRIOT Act, putting constraints on the sale of methamphetamine precursors.
On November 7, 2006, the US Department of Justice decided that November 30, 2006 be Methamphetamine Awareness Day.
Meth treatment admissions per 100,000 citizens (2003): 85
Methamphetamine is a growing menace in Minnesota, where more individuals now seek treatment for meth addiction than for any other illicit drug except cannabis. During 2004, 5,886 residents sought treatment for meth addiction, or approximately 13.0% of all individuals seeking drug abuse treatment. This is an important increase from 2002, when 3,252 individuals sought treatment for meth abuse, and from 2000 when only 1,698 did. Even though most of the meth in circulation in Minnesota is provided by Mexican traffickers, it is still being manufactured in clandestine "mom and pop" labs. During 2004, DEA, state and local authorities seized 168 of these labs, a decrease from the high of 301 lab seizures in 2003.
Update:
The Combat Meth Act, signed by President Bush on March 9, 2006, gives minimum standards for retailers across the nation that sell substances containing ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. The law limits sales to 3.6 grams of the base ingredient (the pure ephedrine or pseudoephedrine) daily and 9 grams per month, and requires that buyers provide identification and sign a sales log. Also, sellers must keep these substances behind the counter or in a locked case and register on-line with the U.S. Attorney General. Additionally to the federal minimums, Minnesota state law requires that buyers of these substances be at least 18 years old and limits them to no more than 6 grams per month. State law also stipulates that sellers must be pharmacists or pharmacy technicians.
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